Composition, structure, and functions of biomolecules: Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are essential biomolecules that play diverse and vital roles in living organisms. They are broadly defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones, or compounds that produce these units upon hydrolysis. They are primarily composed of three elements: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) . Structure: Monosaccharides (Simple Sugars): These are the simplest form of carbohydrates and cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller sugar units. They typically contain three to seven carbon atoms. E.g.: Glucose (C6H12O6): A six-carbon sugar (hexose) and an aldose (contains an aldehyde group). Disaccharides: Formed when two monosaccharide units are joined together by a glycosidic bond (a covalent bond formed by a dehydration reaction, where a water molecule is removed). E.g.: Sucrose (table sugar): Glucose + Fructose (α-1,2-glycosidic bond). Oligosaccharides: Comprise a short chain of three to ten monosacchari...