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IPR

IPR AND ITS FUNCTIONS   About creativity:                            Creativity is the ability to generate new ideas or concepts, or to make new associations between existing ideas or concepts. It is an essential part of innovation and is often associated with problem-solving. Creativity is often thought of as a process, with different stages involved in generating and developing ideas. This could be a new idea, a new product, a new way of doing things, or a new work of art. Another common theme is that creativity is often associated with problem-solving. Creative people are often able to find new and innovative solutions to problems. creativity is often seen as a valuable trait, both in individuals and in organizations. Creative people are often able to come up with new and innovative ideas that can lead to success. Organizations that foster creati...

EXTRATION METHODS OF PHYTOCHEMICALS

 Methods of extraction: 1. Conventional Methods: Maceration: The plant material is soaked in a solvent at room temperature for a period of time. This is a simple method but can be time-consuming and may not be efficient for all phytochemicals. Percolation: The solvent is slowly passed through a column containing the plant material. This method can be more efficient than maceration but requires specialized equipment. Decoction: The plant material is boiled in water for a specific period. This method is traditionally used for extracting water-soluble phytochemicals but may degrade heat-sensitive compounds. Infusion: Hot water is poured over the plant material and allowed to steep. This is similar to making tea and is suitable for extracting heat-sensitive compounds. Soxhlet Extraction: This method uses a specialized apparatus to continuously extract phytochemicals with a volatile solvent. It is efficient but can be time-consuming and may degrade heat-sensitive compounds. 2...

TECHNIQUES TO SEPERATE AND CHARACTERS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS

 Separation techniques: Thin layer chromatography. Gas chromatography. High performance liquid chromatography. Column chromatography. Other techniques: Fractional distillation. Crystallization. solvent Partitioning. Thin layer chromatography: Preparation: A thin layer of adsorbent material (like silica gel) is coated onto a solid support (usually glass, plastic, or aluminum). Spotting: A small amount of the mixture you want to separate is applied as a spot near the bottom of the TLC plate. Development: The TLC plate is placed in a container with a solvent (or a mixture of solvents) called the mobile phase. The solvent travels up the plate by capillary action. Separation: As the solvent moves, it carries the components of the mixture with it.   Visualization: Once the solvent has traveled a certain distance, the plate is removed from the container. The separated compounds may be visible, or they may need to be visualized using UV light, chemical sprays, or other metho...